One-time use fasteners need to be replaced after they are installed and torqued to their proper spec.
Essentially, these bolts stretch to reach their final resting torque and can no longer be installed properly after their removal.
The first type of these bolts are called "torque to yield bolts" or TTY. These bolts generally have an angle degree in their spec. Essentially they are torqued to a standard value and then stretched to their final resting point. Once that happens the bolt can no longer be installed properly one removed.
The second common type of one time use fastener is aluminum bolts. Sometimes these are also torque to yield as well. However, unlike steel bolts aluminum is a much softer and lighter metal. Technically some manufacturer's will claim some non TTY aluminum bolts can be reused once. However, its a good safety measure to replace them anyway.